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PIPE AND DRAIN TILE-MOLD. No. 310,859. Patented Jan. 13, 1885.

lJNiTEn STaTEs PATENT @EEEJE. H

CHARLES N. EARL AND HENRY T. HAZARD, OF LOS ANGELES, GAL.

PIPE AND DRAIN TILE MGLD.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 310,859, dated January 13, 1885.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, OrnlELns N. EARL and HENRY T. HAZARD, citizens of the United States, and residents of the city and county of Los Angeles, in the State of California, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Pipe or Drain-Tile Molds, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to that class of molds used in the manufacture of cement or concrete pipe. Concrete pipe as ordinarily manufactured is circular in form, and presents a large surface to receive the downward pressure of the earth above, and it often occurs that when the pipe is covered with any considerable depth of earth the downward pressure is suffioient to crush it, causing great inconvenience and expense, and rendering the same in a great degree useless. lVe obviate this difficulty by constructing the pipe of an oral or elliptical form, so that when it is laid on its edge iii the earth the surface presented to receive thedownward pressure of the earth will be comparatively small.

The great difficulty in manufacturing concrete pipe arises from the plastic state in which the material is at the time the molds are removed from it, slight jars being sufficient to destroy the pipe at that time. This difficulty exists in the manufacture of the circular pipe now in common use, but is much increased in the manufacture of our elliptical pipe, as the small curvature of the sides renders the Walls more liable to fall than the walls of circular pipe. Another source of difficulty arises from the greater liability of the sides of the elliptical molds to bulge under the pressure of tamping the concrete, thus making the walls of the pipe thicker in the middle than at the bottom, and increasing their liability to fall when the molds are removed. In the manufacture of elliptical pipe, therefore, it becomes specially desirable that the opening and closing of the molds be accomplished by smooth and even motion, and that the molds be rigid when closed, and not liable to bulge.

The object of our invention is to overcome the difficulties above mentioned. This we accomplish by means .of the device described herein, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Application filed May 1, 1984.

(No model.)

Figure l is a perspective View ofthe mold when closed. Fig. 2 shows the construction ofthe toggle fastenings for thejacket and core. Fig. 8 is an elevation of the mold, showing the jacket opened, and also showing a modified form of spring for opening the same.

The jacket A is elliptical in form, and is constructed of heavy sheet-iron, about No. 14

in thickness. It is encircled by two rings of steel firmly attached to it near the top and bottom. These rings form springs whose tendency is to expand the jacket and hold the cleft therein open about an inch. Blocks T T, forming a flat plain surface, are mounted upon the j LCkGt at each end of the springs, to form suitable bearings for the hasps with which the jacket is closed and locked, and the outer faces of the springs coincide therewith.

I is the major arm of the hasp. It is provided with downward projections P P at its ends, leaving a recess between them, in which the minor arm Jlies when the hasp is closed. The major arm of the hasp is attached to one end of the spring S by a stud projecting from the spring through a hole in P, forming a pivotal hearing. The minor arm is attached to the other end of the spring in a like manner, and is pivoted at its other extremity to the pro jection P on the major arm, so that when the hasp is closed the minor arm will lie in the re cess in the major arm, and the points at which the arms are attached to the springs will be in line with the hinge of the hasp. The up per and lower hasps are the same in construction, except that the upper one is provided with a handle, Q, by which the hasps are operated. They are connected by a rod, L, which is pivoted to tongues R a little below the line of the other pivots of the hasp. The core B is of similar material to that of the jacket, and is provided with spring-rings S S, mounted upon its inner side at heights corre sponding with the springs on the jacket. The top ring is the only one shown in the drawings, the lower one being similar to it. The tendency of these springs is to contract the core, and one edge of the core extends beyond the end of the spring and laps upon the outside of the other edge, so that the core may be contracted and expanded without leaving any opening in the core. This edge is thin and sharp, so as to force its way between the concrete and the core without roughing the inside of the pipe. The fastenings which control this joint are formed of two arms, E E, of equal length, pivoted together at the ends to form a toggle-j oint. The extreme ends of the arms are attached to the rings S S at such points that whenthe toggle is straightened and the joint is in line with the points of attachment the core will be expanded to the diameter desired for the inside 01' the pipe. A stud, x, juts out from the spring to sustain the toggle and prevent its falling below a i straight line. There is a similar fastening at the bottom spring, and the two are connected by a rod, F, pivoted to the toggles at the joints. A handle, ,5, is attached to this red for convenience of OpOl'ZlblOll. it will be seen that when the liasp l .l is closed, as shown in Fig. 1, the points at which the two arms are pivoted to the jacket are at their smallest distance apart, and the jacket is securely closed and locked, while as the handle is elerated the distance is gradually increased, allowing the springs to expand the jacket and release the pipe. The points of attachment of the fastcnings for the core are farthest apart when the toggle is straight, as shown in Fig. 1, and the core is thereby expanded and locked. NVhenthetoggle is elevated, its ends are drawn together, 111 as contracting the core.

As both of the i'astenings are operated by toggle-joints, great power is secured, in connection with smooth, even motion, and the release of the pipe by the aid of these toggles and the spring-jacket and core is accompl ishcd without the jerks and jars unavoidable with other molds which have come under our observation. The weight of the handle and rod serves to hold the hasps and toggles closed; but, i'f desired, a button or hook may be pro vided to secure them. This will not ordinarily be found necessary.

The spring V (shown in Fig. 3) may serve as a substitute for the spring-bands where it is desired to avoid the expense of the steel bands; but this modification is not so satisfactory as the springs S S. Another substitute may be made by forming the jacket and core of spring-steel with the same tendency as that of the springs S S.

The number of the springs S S may be increased to add rigidity to the mold, and the position of the rings may be changed to such points as may prove most satisfactory.

Our improved mold is provided with a hopper and with shaping-rings substantially the same as those in common use, excepting that their form corresponds with the mold in shape. As the adaptation of these to our mold requires no invention they are not shown in the drawings.

The spring-jacket and core and the togglefastenings may also be used on circular molds to great advantage. The core B should be somewhat higher than the jacket, as shown in W hat we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The togglehasp consisting of two arms attached by their free ends to the parts to be drawn together, one of such arms being hinged in a recess in the other, substantially as shown, both the free ends of the toggle extending from tliesainc side of the hinge, whereby when the hasp is closed the free ends of the toggle are drawn together.

2. In a pipe moldjacket fastening, a togglehasp one arm of which is hinged in a recess in the other arm, the points of attachment at the free ends of the toggle being in line with thejoint when the hasp is closed.

3. A pipe-mold-eore fastening consisting of we toggle-joints attached by their free ends to the edges of the core, and being connected by a rod attached to their respective hinges, substantially as and for the purpose shown and described.

The combinalion, in a pipe'mold. of the core B, toggle-joints E E, the connecting-rod F, and the stop-stud .r, substantially as shown and described.

5. In a pipe-mold, the combination of the jacket, tog 'le-hasp, and connecting-rod, substantially as shown and described.

6. In a pipe-mold, the combination of the spring-bands S S and the hasp I J, the major arm I having the handle Q, and being recessed, as and for the purpose shown.

7.1a a mold for the manufacture of concrete pipe, the hasp-i'astening I and J, the smaller hasp-l'astening fitting into the major hasp-i'astening, substantially as set forth, the strain being direct when closed.

CHARLES N. EARL.

. HENRY T.'l-IAZARD.

Witnesses: K

F. M. Townsniin, Jas. B. TOWNSEND. 

